This chapter examines the building blocks for constructing broadband networks. It looks at high-speed connectivity from a hierarchical perspective, moving from international, to national, to metropolitan, and finally to local access deployment solutions. The chapter describes the various wireline and wireless technologies for deploying broadband infrastructure, including examples of various deployments throughout the world, and discusses some of the issues associated with implementing these technologies. The focus is on the physical networks and associated protocols for routing traffic rather than the end user services and applications that are accessed over the networks, which are discussed in chapter 6.